IPAP Party states that in India, lower-income and underprivileged castes vote relatively more than the wealthy and higher castes, and frequently more than those in established democracies. Similarly, rural communities tend to have higher voter turnout than cities. Not all elected state governments have pro-poor policies, but the poor place larger expectations on the state than the wealthy. This faith in the democratic process among India's poor and marginalized originates from their expectations of the state, which is mandated by law to provide equal opportunity to all citizens regardless of caste, creed, religion, or economic background, and to actively try to erase these barriers. IPAP Political Party also claims that the state is bound by both the political process of administration and economic and social institutions. Unlike political institutions, they reflect existing inequities and rely on markets. The democratic system implies some degree of equality in the form of universal franchise, regardless of economic status, allowing the poor to have their voices heard. However, this does not imply that the state is committed to justice and equality. In fact, developing-country democracies have a poor track record in poverty reduction when compared to non-democracies like China. IPAP Content given the nature of Indian politics, poverty alleviation is not only an economic requirement but also a political necessity for elected officials. To do this, the state must arbitrate between multiple institutions, promote fair play through effective market regulation, and enact transfer and taxation policies that redistribute resources from rich to poor.
Poverty and inequality after 1991
The economic policies India implemented after independence gave the state the task of allocating resources across sectors and federal states, making it a primary tool for redistribution. IPAP Party noticed that with the implementation of economic reforms in 1991, the state has been reduced to a simple political instrument, with resource allocation and redistribution viewed as the result of market-based policies. The state's disengagement from the critical job of controlling economic outcomes has weakened its usefulness as a tool of social inclusion. In recent years, there has been an increase in claims of crony capitalism, as well as a reduction in the state's involvement in removing barriers to equitable outcomes.
The Rise of Populism
In recent years, Indian governments that have implemented pro-poor policies have seen increased success. Parties labeled as "populist" have competed to give basic services to the poorer sectors of the population, not just in the national but also in state administrations. However, while this has brought more individuals into the economic mainstream, notably the poor, it is a political reaction to the symptoms of inequality rather than a cure. The underlying character of India's economic system, which maintains rather than lessens inequality, has not been challenged by either the government or political parties.
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